Immigrants in Portugal have become a significant demographic group in recent years, transitioning the country from being an emigrant nation to an immigrant one. Historically, Portugal experienced massive emigration to other European countries between 1960 and 1973. However, following political changes in 1974 and the decolonization process, the country saw an increased influx of immigrants, including those from its former African colonies and Eastern European countries. More recently, immigrants from South America, Asia, and non-Portuguese speaking countries have been arriving in Portugal.

This shift in demographics can be attributed to factors such as ease of access, overstay on tourist visas, cultural and economic ties, and labor shortages in certain industries. In 2020, immigrants represented 6.4% of Portugal's total population, with a significant concentration in Lisbon.

Portugal's welfare system includes state and non-state interventions aimed at improving the lives of all residents, including immigrants. The state provides policy direction and funding to third-party organizations that offer services to vulnerable groups, such as shelter, food, education, health, and employment support.

Portugal's welfare system is unique, with elements of a conservative corporatist model based on traditional family structures and religious influences. However, it also features fragmented systems of welfare provision, limited state involvement, and a mix of public and non-public actors.

Immigrants often face challenges accessing state welfare services, which has led to non-state actors, including family, religious organizations, NGOs, and local communities, playing a crucial role in providing social protection and support. These informal networks help immigrants meet basic needs, manage risks, and build human capital.

Non-state actors in social protection in Portugal fall into two categories: formal organizations with legal recognition and formal management structures, such as NGOs and charities, and small community-based organizations (CBOs) that rely on local community support. Immigrants have historically relied on these informal solidarity networks to address their needs and promote social inclusion and justice.

Overall, the transformation of Portugal from an emigrant to an immigrant nation has brought about changes in its welfare system, with both state and non-state actors playing a vital role in supporting the diverse immigrant population.